Marketing and Food Essay Example for Free

Showcasing and Food Essay This writing audit will concentrate on investigating showcasing systems utilized when selling food. I will be seeing what impact these showcasing techniques have on purchasers dynamic procedure and the adequacy of these methodologies. Unmistakably shoppers dont all purchase very similar things and I am intrigued to discover what causes this distinction in item determination. There are numerous things that can impact these choices, from the situation of items or the feel of the item. Food organizations may likewise consider area or populace while picking what item to sell and where to sell it. Demographical promoting procedures use populace insights as a method of discovering what items will sell best. Lars Perner[1] utilizes age segment for instance. â€Å"a firm keen on entering the market for sports drinks in a given nation, or around the world, may examine the quantity of individuals between the ages of fifteen and thirty-five, who might comprise an especially noteworthy market.† In certain nations, for example, Germany, it has been noticed that the birth rate is dropping fundamentally, in this kind of market, an organization may direct away from making an infant food item for an item outfitted towards more established individuals, this is because of the mature age showcase being bigger than the youthful age advertise. Perner additionally talks about upward force promoting. This exploits social class so as to build ones want for an item. By Portraying an item as something the privileged society would devour, it can exploit the customers want to propel their social class. Organizations, for example, Haagen-Daas, who show their item as an extravagance dessert, and a few wine brands utilize this methodology. The design of a general store likewise dramatically affects food deals. One model is the area of the passageway into general stores. One study[2] proposes that if the passage to a general store is situated on the correct side, it energizes counter-clockwise development all through the market. While if the passageway is on the left, it energizes clockwise development. The examination claims â€Å"counter-clockwise customers burn through $2 more per trip, than clockwise shoppers.† Products that have a huge net revenue are typically situated around the edge of the market, as most customers favor going around the border than crossing all over the isles. New foods grown from the ground segments are typically situated toward the beginning or end of the general store, and are introduced as a cleaner and additionally inviting territory to the remainder of the grocery store as most customers go through the most cash in this area. Things put at the parts of the bargains as and presentation the things the client will discover in that walkway, the things in the focal point of the passageway will get less time with the client, so things that will make to a greater extent a benefit will be put towards the finish of paths. Usually bought things, for example, milk or bread are commonly situated at the rear of a market, constraining the buyer to go through numerous different items so as to get the thing they need. It is then that publicizing and tasteful advertising become possibly the most important factor. Various strategies are utilized in specific walkways so as to compel clients into choices. One model may be[3] the utilization of music and lights in low quality nourishment walkways. By utilizing noisy music and brilliant lights, the grocery store may make the client be overpowered and settle rashly choice on what to purchase, they may connect for something that would comfort them, for example, their preferred lousy nourishment. In an alternate circumstance, a general store may utilize the utilization of diminish lights and loosening up music, so as to persuade the client to take as much time as is needed and invest more energy in the market, thusly having them purchase more items. A few stores will in general move things around now and again so as to befuddle their clients, having them search through all the walkways so as to discover the item, getting different items en route. The area of the item is likewise significant, most clients keep an eye on just glance at items at will be at eye level. The most costly things will likewise be found at eye level, with better arrangements being shrouded away above or underneath. The bundling of an item can likewise impact the choices of a shopper. †More costly brands will in general have fancier naming then nonexclusive brands. In this manner we expect the quality is better and are happy to follow through on greater expenses, whether or not that is true[4]† Supermarkets likewise utilize the faculties so as to attract clients and endeavor to constrain them into purchasing something they didnt plan to. They will take into account sight by utilizing hues to bring out specific emotions, light blues and pinks might be utilized around infant food or sweet areas so as to engage kids. Reds might be utilized around mixed refreshments so as to speak to purchasers feelings, for example, outrage or love, the two of which have attaches with liquor and the shading red. They may prepare new cakes and treats in the pastry shop segment to bring clients into purchasing the items because of the engaging smell. These discoveries give proof of an unequivocal connection between the showcasing procedures utilized by markets and marks, and the impact they have on deals of items. Various manners by which systems are utilized have been noted, for example, demographical showcasing, situation of items and item feel. Book reference Perner, L. (2008). Food Marketing. Food Marketing. [ONLINE] Available at:http://www.consumerpsychologist.com/food_marketing.html (2008) The study of store brain research | tribalinsight. The study of general store brain research | tribalinsight. [ONLINE] Available at:http://tribalinsight.wordpress.com/2008/08/19/market brain science/ (2008) Supermarket stunts. 2008, Supermarket stunts. [ONLINE] Available at: http://today.ninemsn.com.au/moneyandconsumer/598695/store stunts [1]Perner, L. (2008). Food Marketing. Food Marketing. [ONLINE] Available at:http://www.consumerpsychologist.com/food_marketing.html [2](2008) The study of market brain research | tribalinsight. The study of store brain science | tribalinsight. [ONLINE] Available at:http://tribalinsight.wordpress.com/2008/08/19/grocery store brain research/[3](2008) Supermarket stunts. 2008, Supermarket stunts. [ONLINE] Available at: http://today.ninemsn.com.au/moneyandconsumer/598695/general store stunts [4](2008) Supermarket stunts. 2008, Supermarket stunts. [ONLINE] Available at: http://today.ninemsn.com.au/moneyandconsumer/598695/general store stunts

Collaboration with Illegal Domestic Spying Program Essay Example for Free

Coordinated effort with Illegal Domestic Spying Program Essay The case by the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) against AT T presents a reasonable encroachment upon individual protection. The choice to permit the covert agent organization National Security Agency (NSA) selective access to phone discussions and email correspondences of its shoppers abuses the fourth amendment, which ensures each American ‘the option to be let alone,† which incorporates protection of private, delicate data. By and large, protection is â€Å"the desire that secret individual data uncovered in a private spot won't be unveiled to outsiders, when that revelation would cause either humiliation or enthusiastic pain to an individual of sensible sensitivities† (Standler, 1997). It is without question, in fact, that no individual might want to hear their room discussions heard in republic, or disregard it in the event that they knew another person at Langley was breaking down their private messages and messages sent via telephone. These observation programs are in repudiation of the US constitution and protection shields organized by Congress. The fourth amendment disallows unjustifiable interruption into individuals’ security, and the NSA observation was not justified. In a manner of speaking, they were led legitimate approval or the endorsement of the court. Regardless of whether the administration was ‘collecting criminal evidence,’ in the wake of psychological oppressor assaults on US soil, the way that the buyers didn't know about the reconnaissance makes it an infringement of security rights. Surely, it is accounted for that the then President George Bush recognized approving the reconnaissance as a technique to track and screen fear based oppressors who may be working inside the US. Notwithstanding, a portion of his senior heads are on record of admitting that â€Å"the President’s approval went past the reconnaissance of psychological oppressors and surrendered that the program didn't follow the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act† (Sandler, 1997). Regardless, it is given by the Fifth Amendment that â€Å"no individual, anyway blameworthy, will be constrained to remain as observer of himself in any criminal case. † In a decision of the primary protection case in America in 1928, Olmstead versus the United States, Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis contended that it was unlawful to gather proof from people without their insight and assent. For the situation, Omlstead was ensnared for unlawfully dispersing mixed drinks, on proof wire-tapped from his phone discussions. The NSA reconnaissance program may be defended under conditions which bargain national security. After the 9/11 assaults by fear based oppressors accepted to have associations with Al Qaeda, it turns into a matter of national worry to screen electronic interchanges both locally and universally. This is all the more so the case since psychological oppressor bunches have exploited innovative transformations in correspondence to organize, facilitate, design and execute their assaults. In this manner, to the extent guaranteeing the wellbeing of Americans is concerned, the NSA has a right, in any case the defendability of such a privilege or the power authorizing it, to go the additional mile important to give that security. In any case, the convention for gathering evidential data to squeeze criminal accusations against offenders is plainly expressed by the law. Acting beyond lawful arrangements encroaches individual protection, which is unmistakably the situation of the AT T and NSA joint effort. This is an administration scheme to deny Americans their opportunity to communicate unreservedly, which specialists have named as not unimportant wire-tapping, however a nation tapping venture on conventional Americans by NSA. All in all, the primary concern is the unjustifiable way in which the observation was led, without the consumers’ information. It rests with the arrangements of the US constitution. It is each American’s right â€Å"to be not to mention. What's more, to make preparations for the infringement of that right, â€Å"every unmerited interruption by the legislature upon the security of the individual, whatever the methods utilized, must be esteemed a break of the Fourth Amendment† (Avakov, 164). Works Cited Avakov, Aleksandr V. Platos dreams acknowledged: reconnaissance and resident rights from KGB to FBI. Algora Publishing, New York, 2007. Brandis Louis. U. S. Incomparable Court: Olmstead versus US, 277 U. S 438 (1928). June 4 1928. Recovered August 11, 2010 http://staff. uml. edu/sgallagher/olmstead. htm Standler, Ronald B. Protection Law in the USA. May 26 1998. Recovered August 11, 2010 http://www. rbs2. com/protection. htm

One of one jewelry design - Free Essay Example

Executive Summary One of One Jewelry Designs specializes in bridge jewelry created as unique, elegant, and contemporary jewelry. Jewelry with a cutting-edge design has always been of interest to a certain class of jewelry buyers. We intend to fulfill that need by researching authentic contemporary designs with fabricated bridge jewelry. Using bridge jewelry metals instead of gold, and precious stone will allow for us to keep our retail price point below $65. This will increase our appeal across all age ranges, and especially in our target market of females under the age of thirty. General Company Description One of One Jewelry Design is a Limited Liability Corporation. The business will become an online web-store operational as of December 2009. The purpose is to provide unique wire-wrapped, hand-crafted jewelry to consumers who buy mid-range jewelry for its one of a kind quality. The art of crafting wire-wrapped jewelry goes back in time at least 4000 years ago. Wire- wrapped jewelry has been found with the relics of the Ancient Phoenicians and the tombs of the once found Egyptians. The art of wire-wrapping jewelry is now flourishing in the United States, Canada and England, with many creative jewelry wire-wrapping artists in each of these countries. The contemporary look of wire wrapped jewelry started in England shortly after World War I. A gentleman by the name of Mr. C. G. Oxley used wire-wrapping as therapy for many veterans at war. His then student, Jim Llewellyn, transported the art of wire- wrapped jewelry to Canada. Mission Statement: To offer a premier level of cust omer service and professionalism, while providing our clients with a great selection of the most beautiful, unique and one-of-a-kind jewelry skillfully hand-crafted at an exceptional value. Jewelry historically has been purchased by older consumers whos at an age where they could meet the expense of luxury goods, it has been theorized by demographers for many years that jewelry was a life cycle buy related to age. They concurred that jewelry demand was determined by both age and income. Therefore, demographically, our target audience is women between the ages of 25-40 years of age. The jewelry industry is in a state of growth. According to analyst Patti Evans of Jupiter Research, the U.S online jewelry sales grew 19.3% from the prior year $2.2 billion or 5.8% (2006) of the total market, while having an expect growth in 2009 of $2.7 billion or a 6.6% market share. With such market growth we plan to offer high-level jewelry made with 10K and 14K gold in the foreseeable future. We have designed a company that can create loyal customers for generational time spans. Our pricing system is a scaled down system based on specific lines that suits our target market across the board. Our customer service is what we believe will take our company into success. When the consumer can reach someone within a company and be catered to for their specific needs it leaves a commitment stamp. We plan to have a 1-800 number for clients to reach us, in which, many hand-crafters dont offer. Chavon has been creating hand-crafted jewelry for two years. She began by stumbling upon a favorite necklace of hers that had broken. She then visited the local bead store for the findings to repair the necklace and while there in the bead store it all began. Chavon began searching the web, buying supplies and tools gaining knowledge of jewelry-making and became a self-taught jewelry designer. Her years of co-managing her husband, who is a musician helped her to understand business and hard-work. Products and Services While understanding the notion that many elements in creating jewelry are based on techniques, we plan to expand on these uses of techniques and provide our clients with unique, elegant, and one-of-a-kind meaningful creations that will connect with the buyer/wearer. We plan to capitalize on the use of using quality materials versus costume jewelry materials that use base metals, rhodium, and silver plate. Our jewelry is designed with Argentium (non-tarnish) sterling silver, gold-filled wire and includes semi-precious gemstones, natural stone cabochons, shells and pearls, and Swarovski glass crystals. The sense of design is flowing, contemporary and elegant. The creations include wire-wrapped pendants, rings, earrings, and necklaces. In times of economic pressure its shown that consumers cut back on discretionary items like jewelry. As a true understanding, the more wealth one has there will be less effect on them during the ups and downs of economic conditions. Therefore, our jewelry will be priced between $30-$65, which will allow us as a company to weather economic swings while offering mid-level bridge jewelry. Marketing Plan Economics Facts about your industry: The jewelry industry on a whole is a $27 billion dollar industry. Fashion jewelry takes up 22% of the market share. The current demand in the fashion jewelry market is sterling silver, and gold filled jewelry. The trends in growth are online selling, and personal tastes in uniqueness. Product Features and Benefits The products that we are initially carrying are: Handmade Earrings Handmade Rings Handmade Necklaces Our special handcrafted jewelry is featured with Argentium sterling silver and gold-filled precious metals. With such quality materials the consumer benefits include, quality appreciation, pride in purchase, a memory to last forever, and exclusivity of a one-of-a-kind handmade jewelry creation. The after-sale services we will offer will include prompt delivery through the reputable UPS mail and package carrier. Packages will all contain a delivery confirmation to ensure customer purchases. We will guarantee our product through our refund and exchange policies that will be shipped with every package on the invoice and available on the website. Customers The targeted customers for One of One are women from the Generation Y and Generation X. The buying characteristic of Gen-Yers has shown that they spend an eye-catching $150 billion a year. And they influence another $50 billion in family purchases (Baby Boomers), bumping the total to $200 billion. Generation Y is also, of course, the most digitally world-wise. About nine out of 10 have access to a home computer whereas half have internet access. These groups are also more socially conscious and globally aware. Competition The demand for jewelry is mostly determined by the disposable income of customers. The increasing amount of wealthy individuals, working women, double-income households and fashion-conscious men has kept jewelry sales strong. When raw material prices fall, jewelry becomes more reasonably priced, and consumer demand elevates. Renewing assurance in the economy has also plays a major role. Online jewelry sales have risen steadily. This has forced retail merchants to adapt and many have moved some sections of their business online. Because jewelry is not often branded, product differentiation is a key point of competition among for One of One Jewelry. High-quality designers are appreciated. Niche Now that you have systematically analyzed your industry, your product, your customers, and the competition, you should have a clear picture of where your company fits into the world. In one short paragraph, define your niche, your unique corner of the market. Strategy Offer unique, unusual jewelry designs as private label merchandise while creating an opportunity for customers to buy items retailing for under $100, and give the customer a reason to buy through social networking Web sites Facebook, Twitter, and MySpace. Operational Plan Production The products of One of One will be produced in a home-based (residential) setting. Explain your methods of: Production techniques and costs Quality control Customer service Inventory control Product development Location The qualities that are present in this location (home) allows for a designated office space that is 12by 16 to be fulfilling to produce jewelry products. The power and utilities prove to be adequate with white light bulbs for true color. The access to the home-based business serves great for deliveries from suppliers. The hours of operation will run from 10am-5pm. Legal Environment At this time One of One is looking into trademarking its logo and slogan. Personnel One of One has 2 employees Owner and Co-Owner. The labor that exist between the owners are skilled and professional. At this time One of One is not pursing employees. The owners have a strict schedule of business operations, therefore; provides the quality of each other to speak for itself. The Co-Owner is the jewelry designer and the Owner handles day-to-day business operations. Inventory The inventories that will be kept are supplies, and finished goods. The inventory investment is 15% of bi-weekly sales. The lead time for ordering is 3 weeks. Suppliers Key suppliers: MonsterSlayer.com Monsterslayer, Inc. 4187 US Highway 64 Kirtland NM 87417 Noble Packaging Inc. Noble Packaging Inc. 20 Sand Park Rd. Cedar Grove, NJ 07009 The types of inventory furnished by Monster Slayer are wire and beading components and packaging materials are provided by Noble Packaging. Monster Slayer is my primary source, however; my backup supplier is jewelrysupplies.com. Due to the pricing of Gold and Silver fluctuating we have made a 2% window of budgeting to allow for that. Management and Organization One of One is a partnership organized and managed by the owners. Initially, all design, fabrication, and marketing efforts are the responsibility of the owners. As the company grows, these positions will be filled, part-or full-time, as needed. One of One Jewelry Design plans to fund operations principally from cash provided by both gross receipts and owner investments, and will not generally rely upon external sources of financing. The company has in place a jewelry line timed to hit the market at proceeding the holidays of 2009. The company feels sale of this line will provide sufficient cash flow to cover both variable and all operating expenses, with the exception of advertising and marketing, for a one-year period. The company feels cash flow from anticipated sales for this line of jewelry will carry the company at least six months, into 2010. The capital requirements result primarily from purchases of inventory, advertising, and shipping. As the inventory requirements f or the jewelry line are known well in advance of production, inventory cash requirements are predictable during the year. Purchasing decisions will maintain a gross margin percentage of 100 percent. Normal jewelry markup is three times this number. However, One on One is a home-based business, lower operating costs will offset the effect of the gross profit margin. Appendices Include details and studies used in your business plan; for example: Brochures and advertising materials Industry studies Blueprints and plans Maps and photos of location Magazine or other articles Detailed lists of equipment owned or to be purchased Copies of leases and contracts Letters of support from future customers Any other materials needed to support the assumptions in this plan Market research studies List of assets available as collateral for a loan Refining the Plan The generic business plan presented above should be modified to suit your specific type of business and the audience for which the plan is written. For Raising Capital For Bankers Bankers want assurance of orderly repayment. If you intend using this plan to present to lenders, include: Amount of loan How the funds will be used What this will accomplish how will it make the business stronger? Requested repayment terms (number of years to repay). You will probably not have much negotiating room on interest rate but may be able to negotiate a longer repayment term, which will help cash flow. Collateral offered, and a list of all existing liens against collateral For Investors Investors have a different perspective. They are looking for dramatic growth, and they expect to share in the rewards: Funds needed short-term Funds needed in two to five years How the company will use the funds, and what this will accomplish for growth. Estimated return on investment Exit strategy for investors (buyback, sale, or IPO) Percent of ownership that you will give up to investors Milestones or conditions that you will accept Financial reporting to be provided Involvement of investors on the board or in management For Type of Business Manufacturing Planned production levels Anticipated levels of direct production costs and indirect (overhead) costs how do these compare to industry averages (if available)? Prices per product line Gross profit margin, overall and for each product line Production/capacity limits of planned physical plant Production/capacity limits of equipment Purchasing and inventory management procedures New products under development or anticipated to come online after startup Service Businesses Service businesses sell intangible products. They are usually more flexible than other types of businesses, but they also have higher labor costs and generally very little in fixed assets. What are the key competitive factors in this industry? Your prices Methods used to set prices System of production management Quality control procedures. Standard or accepted industry quality standards. How will you measure labor productivity? Percent of work subcontracted to other firms. Will you make a profit on subcontracting? Credit, payment, and collections policies and procedures Strategy for keeping client base High Technology Companies Economic outlook for the industry Will the company have information systems in place to manage rapidly changing prices, costs, and markets? Will you be on the cutting edge with your products and services? What is the status of research and development? And what is required to: Bring product/service to market? Keep the company competitive? How does the company: Protect intellectual property? Avoid technological obsolescence? Supply necessary capital? Retain key personnel? High-tech companies sometimes have to operate for a long time without profits and sometimes even without sales. If this fits your situation, a banker probably will not want to lend to you. Venture capitalists may invest, but your story must be very good. You must do longer-term financial forecasts to show when profit take-off is expected to occur. And your assumptions must be well documented and well argued. Retail Business Company image Pricing: Explain markup policies. Prices should be profitable, competitive, and in accordance with company image. Inventory: Selection and price should be consistent with company image. Inventory level: Find industry average numbers for annual inventory turnover rate (available in RMA book). Multiply your initial inventory investment by the average turnover rate. The result should be at least equal to your projected first years cost of goods sold. If it is not, you may not have enough budgeted for startup inventory. Customer service policies: These should be competitive and in accord with company image. Location: Does it give the exposure that you need? Is it convenient for customers? Is it consistent with company image? Promotion: Methods used, cost. Does it project a consistent company image? Credit: Do you extend credit to customers? If yes, do you really need to, and do you factor the cost into prices?

The Definition of an Essay Including Writing Resources

Essays are brief, non-fiction compositions that describe, clarify, argue, or analyze a subject. Students might encounter essay assignments in any school subject and at any level of school, from a personal experience vacation essay in middle school to a complex analysis of a scientific process in graduate school. Components of an essay include an introduction, thesis statement, body, and conclusion. Writing an Introduction The beginning of an essay can seem daunting. Sometimes, writers can start their essay in the middle or at the end, rather than at the beginning, and work backward. The process depends on each individual and takes practice to figure out what works best for them. Regardless of where students start, it is recommended that the introduction begins with an attention grabber or an example that hooks the reader in within the very first sentence. The introduction should accomplish a few written sentences that leads the reader into the main point or argument of the essay, also known as a thesis statement. Typically, the thesis statement is the very last sentence of an introduction, but this is not a rule set in stone, despite it wrapping things up nicely. Before moving on from the introduction, readers should have a good idea of what is to follow in the essay, and they should not be confused as to what the essay is about. Finally, the length of an introduction varies and can be anywhere from one to several paragraphs depending on the size of the essay as a whole. Creating a Thesis Statement A thesis statement is a sentence that states the main idea of the essay. The function of a thesis statement is to help manage the ideas within the essay. Different from a mere topic, the thesis statement is an argument, option, or judgment that the author of the essay makes about the topic of the essay. A good thesis statement combines several ideas into just one or two sentences. It also includes the topic of the essay and makes clear what the authors position is in regard to the topic.  Typically found at the beginning of a paper, the thesis statement is often placed in the introduction, toward the end of the first paragraph or so. Developing a thesis statement means deciding on the point of view within the topic, and stating this argument clearly becomes part of the sentence which forms it.  Writing a strong thesis statement should summarize the topic and bring clarity to the reader. For informative essays, an informative thesis should be declared. In an argumentative or narrative essay, a persuasive thesis, or opinion, should be determined. For instance, the difference looks like this: Informative Thesis Example:  To create a great essay, the writer must form a solid introduction, thesis statement, body, and conclusion.Persuasive Thesis Example:  Essays surrounded around opinions and arguments are so much more fun than informative essays because they are more dynamic, fluid, and teach you a lot about the author. Developing Body Paragraphs The body paragraphs of an essay include a group of sentences that relate to a specific topic or idea around the main point of the essay. It is important to write and organize two to three full body paragraphs to properly develop it. Before writing, authors may choose to outline the two to three main arguments that will support their thesis statement. For each of those main ideas, there will be supporting points to drive them home. Elaborating on the ideas and supporting specific points will develop a full body paragraph.  A good paragraph describes the main point, is full of meaning, and has crystal clear sentences that avoid universal statements. Ending an Essay With a Conclusion A conclusion is an end or finish of an essay. Often, the conclusion includes a judgment or decision that is reached through the reasoning described throughout the essay.  The conclusion is an opportunity to wrap up the essay by reviewing the main points discussed that drives home the point or argument stated in the thesis statement. The conclusion may also include a takeaway for the reader, such as a question or thought to take with them after reading. A good conclusion may also invoke a vivid image, include a quotation, or have a call to action for readers.

The Truth About Behavior, Emotions And Emotional Intelligence

The Truth About Behaviour, Emotions and Emotional Intelligence After over 10 years in studying human behaviour from the psychological and the sociological perspectives in detail I am left with only one conclusion and that is that human behaviour is not governed by the cognitive functioning domain, but human behavior is governed by the inner soul of man, which technically speaking means the Inner Interactive System of man. The main reason that we are not governed by our thinking is because each of us have the ability to choose, whatever we want unless we take away the ability to rationalize through different chemicals or drugs. Proof of this lies in the scientific facts that we all have unique finger prints, DNA, looks, hair, voices and†¦show more content†¦The illusive part of man is the way he thinks and behaves; this is most challenging to the sciences and thereby makes it totally impossible to create a social norm or a normal individual. Behavior and the expression thereof is totally different in every single individual. To be able to rationalize human behavior, we need to look at the holistic person; as every individuals finger print, DNA, looks etc are all different in every scenario. Behavior is therefore the illusive part of the psychological discipline as it is the psychologist who claim to be the experts in this field. I have found that many of them become both insulting and aggressive; when I pointed out the fact and proved to them that they are lacking the understanding of the word unique. If something is unique it is impossible to ever be normal. The whole psychological discipline is based on Social norms. Behavior can never be diagnosed as normal, however people could have numerous similarities and I think the impossibility of being normal is an embarrassment to the psychological fraternities doctrine, as science has proven the exact opposite. Although Psychology has marketed themselves under the medical sciences, their degree is not a science degree it is an arts degree. Behavior can never be a science as there are no starting points or ending point for it to be classified as a science; as

Case study Akamai for NBA free essay sample

Spring, Management Information Systems CH03_NBA Case (LaudonLaudon, 2013) NBA: Competing on Global Delivery with Akamai OS Streaming [SUMMARY] The NBA uses Akamai’s global streaming video service to reach customers and strategic partners in Asia, Europe, the Middle East, Africa and North America with high quality video streams of NBA rich media content and problems. [URL] http://www. akamai. com/html/customers/testimonials/nba. html [NOTE] The Akamai video is a high-quality video that requires a broadband connection of greater than 5 Mbps. The video plays best at connection speeds of greater than 15 Mbps (cable or FIOS ISP speeds). If you have trouble playing it on a Mozilla browser (Firefox), switch to Internet Explorer. Also, if you let it play through once, the second playback will be smoother because some of the content is cached on local servers and your computer. Alternatively, find a campus or corporate network which has the requisite bandwidth. [CASE] The National Basketball Association (NBA) is the leading professional basketball league in the United States and Canada with 30 teams. The NBA is one of four North American professional sports leagues. The other leagues are the Major League Baseball, the National Football League, and the National Hockey League. While focused on the North America, the NBA has a large international following and is televised in 212 countries and 42 languages around the world. Increasingly, fans want and expect high quality game videos, RSS feeds, widgets, and Fantasy leagues. NBA. com has an inventory of over 400,000 digital assets, including 15,000 videos. Last year, there were over 850 unique visits to NBA. com from 20 countries. Akamai Technologies, Inc. (NASDAQ: AKAM) is a company that provides a distributed computing platform for global Internet content and application delivery. Akamai is headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The company was founded in 1998 by MIT graduate student Daniel Lewin, along with MIT Applied Mathematics professor Tom Leighton and MIT Sloan School of Management students Jonathan Seelig and Preetish Nijhawan. Leighton still serves as Akamai’s Chief Scientist, while Lewin was killed aboard American Airlines flight 11 which was crashed in the September 11 attacks of 2001. Akamai is a Hawaiian word meaning smart or intelligent. 1 2014, Spring, Management Information Systems CH03_NBA Case (LaudonLaudon, 2013) Akamai’s primary service is provided by its proprietary EdgeNetwork. Akamai transparently mirrors content—sometimes all content, including HTML and CSS, and sometimes just media objects such as audio, graphics, animation, and video—from customer servers. Large firms deliver their content to over 95,000 Akamai servers in 70 countries. These local Akamai servers cache (store) this content awaiting local demand. Akamai’s network is intelligent enough not to distribute content to a local server until and unless there is local demand. FIG1. AKAMAI’S GLOBAL CONTENT DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM When you click on an online video at NBA.com, the domain name is the same, but the IP address points to an Akamai server rather than the NBA server. The Akamai server is automatically picked depending on the type of content and the user’s network location. 2 2014, Spring, Management Information Systems CH03_NBA Case (LaudonLaudon, 2013) Akamai’s EdgePlatform is one of the world’s largest distributed computing platforms. The bene fit is that users can receive content from whichever Akamai server is closest to them or has a good connection, leading to faster download times and less vulnerability to network congestion or outages. The Internet was never designed to handle large volumes of video simultaneously streaming from a single corporate server to all Internet devices. However, this content can be sent to the â€Å"edge† of the network where Akamai servers are located, and on a local or regional basis, stream this content on demand from local servers. Akamai’s 40,000 distributed servers allow it to monitor global Internet traffic patterns, attacks on the Internet, and latency (delays caused by excessive Internet traffic). In addition to image caching, Akamai provides services which accelerate dynamic and personalized content and streaming media. Akamai’s personalization product is called EdgeScape, a geolocation service. Much Web content delivered by Akamai is personalized to the user’s location and Internet service types. This allows Akamai’s customers to gain insight into where end users are coming from and what kind of Internet service they are using. Armed with this knowledge they can customize Web content for individual end users through a wide range of criteria, making their site more relevant and compelling to everyone who visits. For instance, Akamai knows your: 3 2014, Spring, Management Information Systems. Using Porter’s competitive forces model, analyze the NBA’s market situation. How does the use of Akamai help the NBA compete in this market? 2. Using Porter’s generic strategies model, what do you think is the NBA’s overall strategy or strategies? 3. Why is it important that all fans in the world have the same experience? 4. Why is it important that individual franchise owners can build, manage, and distribute on the NBA platform their own content? 5. The word â€Å"partnership† appears several times in the video. Who are the NBA’s partners? 6. How does the concept of a strategic ecosystem apply to the NBA’s partnership strategies? 5

Macroeconomic policy about population growth

Introduction After the World War II, the new institutions such as World Bank and IMF were established so as to foster globalization. This in turn led to reduction of poverty, creation of industries, job creation, increase in economic growth, and improved living standards.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Macroeconomic policy about population growth specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This resulted in an increase in population and reduction in infant mortality rate. In 1960’s and 1970’s countries started to embrace globalization which in turn gave rise to international trade (Mishkin, Giavazzi, Srinivasan, International Monetary Fund., 2000). The degree at which countries embraced globalization differed. This led to disparities in the rate of economic growth and population growth rates. Generally, there was an overall increase in population in many parts of the world. Comparison of population growt h and economic growth Below is a list of twenty developing countries whose population growth was high in the 1960s and 1970s and remained quite high at the beginning of the current century; Countries Population growth rate (%) GDP per capita Afghanistan 3.85 $700 Bangladesh 1.57 $1,900 Brazil 1.13 $7,600 Cambodia 1.7 $1,700 Costa Rica 1.32 $9,000 Ecuador 1.44 $3,300 Ethiopia 3.19 $700 Gaza strip 3.2 $600 Honduras 1.89 $2,600 Iran 1.25 $7,000 Jordan 0.98 $4,300 Lebanon 1.05 $4,800 Nepal 1.6 $1,400 Niger 3.64 $800 Pakistan 1.57 $2,100 Philippines 1.9 $4,600 Venezuela 1.49 $4,800 Vietnam 1.08 $2,500 Zimbabwe 4.31 $1,900 Indonesia 1.15 $3,200 Factors that led to an increase in population growth The increase in population growth could be attributed to a number of factors. One of these factors includes reduction in child mortality rate. The emergence of comprehensive health care schemes led to a sharp decline in child mortality rates. Some li fe threatening infections such as malaria became significantly suppressed. As economy became vibrant, there was need to increase human labor and this led to sustained increase in population growth rates in some developing countries. There was also an emergence of industries which demanded human labor (Mishkin National Bureau of Economic Research., 2008).Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More During 1960’s and 1970’s, many African countries experienced increase in population. This is because children were regarded as a source of prestige by many communities. In the Muslim dominated parts of North Africa, there were increased imperialism as the Muslims tried to expand their religion. The need to have an adequate number of soldiers led to increase in birth rates. Muslim women were highly protected so as to give healthy babies who would later become soldiers. Incre ase in the rate of social ills such as child marriage also contributed significantly in the population growth. This resulted in early marriages and drop out from schools. This problem was more pronounced in Africa and South East Asia. In the middle of the 21st century, Latin America experienced population explosion due to declining death rates as well as increase in birth rates. The population growth rate was growing at a faster rate than any other part of the world with the exception of Africa. The population of Mexico almost doubled during the period 1960 and 1990 raising a lot of concern in the Latin America. The potential effect of rapid population growth on the economic development was also of a major concern. In the early 21st century, food sufficiency also boosted population growth rate. The emergence of new technologies made agricultural activities more efficient, reliable and profitable. New production methods and machinery led to an increase in agricultural productivity. A s a result of this, people became healthier as malnutrition reduced significantly. This was a sharp contrast from the earlier period which was characterized by severe hunger and high child mortality rates (Loh, 1976).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Macroeconomic policy about population growth specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Below is a list of twenty developing countries whose population growth was high in the 1960’s and 1970’s and declined at the beginning of the 21st century; Population growth rate (%) GDP per capita Argentina 1 $11,200 Armenia 0.06 $3,900 Burma 1.08 $1,900 Chile 0.84 $9,900 Haiti 0.79 $1,600 Iceland 0.69 $30,900 Jamaica 0.73 $3,800 Maldives -0.15 $3,900 Palau 0.58 $9,000 Singapore 0.82 $23,700 South Africa -0.38 $10,700 Sri Lanka 0.93 $3,700 Syria 0.91 $3,300 Thailand 0.57 $7,400 Tunisia 0.98 $6,900 Uruguay 0.23 $12,600 Macau 0.88 $19, 400 Saint Lucia 0.39 $5,400 Botswana 1.66 $8,800 Morocco 1.07 $4,000 Since 1960’s, the rate of birth has been on a sharp decline in the developing countries as a result of various economic and demographic factors. Research carried by various organizations such as World Bank shows that, low incomes are highly associated with high birth rates. Research also shows that there were varied reasons attributed to low fertility rates in the developing countries but most of them were associated with human growth and economic growth. One of these reasons includes parents’ preference for smaller families when their health conditions get better. Various researches show that, healthy parents tend to have low reliance on their children to take care of them at old age or even to work on their farms. On the contrary parents with poor health conditions prefer to have many children who will take care of them at old age. The world fertility rate declined from 4.5% during 1960-19 65 to 3.3% during 1990-1995. In Sub-Saharan Africa in 1993 the fertility rate was 6.4 which remain the highest in the world. Women in Sub- Saharan Africa had 6.4 children which was significantly larger from the other parts of the world. Women in industrialized countries had 1.8 children while their counterparts in Middle East and North Africa had 4.9 children in their productive health. The fertility rates were also low at South Asia, Latin America and Caribbean, and South East Asia with recorded figures of; 4.2, 3.0 and 2.5 respectively. Factors that led to a reduction in population growth rateAdvertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The decline in population growth can be attributed to a number of factors which includes: culture, economical and social factors. In order to curb population explosion, countries engaged in reproductive health campaigns. This created public awareness relating to the need to control human population. Deliberate efforts were made by a majority of developing countries so as to come up with policy frameworks to deal with human population. Various Countries came up with clear guidelines on the optimum birth rates. In the early 21st century many countries started family planning initiatives. During this period there was increased awareness on the dangers which are likely to be caused by the population explosion. There were already clear indications of the possibility of future strain on resources and increase in social ills. As a result of this, many countries started family planning programs which almost became a world norm. In fact, some countries set special task forces to spearhead th e family planning programs. Some of the human population control techniques which became more common during this period include use of contraceptives and abortion (Wan Shimomura, 2007). Increase in industrialization led to massive job creation. People got more involved in economic activities and therefore had little time to engage in social activities. Several researches showed that unemployment was one of the major causes of high population growth during the early 21st century. This is because poor people had relatively higher birth rates than their rich counterparts. High incidence of disease (HIV-AIDS) and emigration due to political oppression in many parts of the Africa led to a massive decline in population growth. Until, late 1960’s many African countries were under colonial rule. Some countries such as Namibia and South Africa got independence very late. Apartheid rule by the colonial masters deteriorated the living standards of the subjects and this in turn reduced population growth. The effects of forced labor greatly saw the population decline drastically. In many parts of the developed countries there were discovery of precious minerals such as copper and oil. This led to emergence of many industries such as steel and copper industries. There was job creation which consequently improved people’s standards of living. Many worked got involved in economic activities and this reduced time utilized in social activities. Levels of illiteracy were still very high. Education was not well embraced by many developing countries. Schools were sparsely populated in many parts of the developing countries. These lowered peoples’ standards of living and child mortality rate became high. During the period 1960’s and 1970’s, diseases were very rampant in many parts of the world. The health care systems were undeveloped and in some countries they were non-existent. Diseases such as Malaria, smallpox, plague, cholera and tuberculosi s caused increase in death rates. Leprosy which was quite a dreadful disease was also a common disease in most African countries. Lack of proper health care systems led to an increase in death rate and low fertility rate. During the early 21st century, there was a significant increase in HIV/AIDS. Very few people were aware of this dreadful infection and therefore the death rate increased dramatically. In fact, in some countries especially in Africa, were totally unable to control HIV/AIDs because of lack technical expertise (Kiyawa, 2000). In other cases, the stigma associated with HIV/ AIDs led to the abandonment of those affected and this led to a significant decrease in birth rate and hence reduction in population growth. The emergence of civil organizations, led to women empowerment. As a result of this, women became aware of their rights and consequently became more vigilant to agitate for more representations in various leadership positions. This was a sharp contrast from the earlier period whereby women were regarded as inferior and their role considered as merely pro-creation in nature. As more women got engaged actively in economic activities, there was little time left to engage in social activities and therefore the birth rate decreased drastically. Due to the increase in industrialization, the environment got adversely affected, leading to a strain in the resources. Various researches show that the increase in industrialization had a significant contribution in air pollution and this adversely affected the climate. As a result of this, agricultural activities suffered a massive blow with production declining steadily year after another. During the early 21st century, the highest population growth rate was observed in Africa followed by Latin America and lowest in South East Asia. Although the death rate increased in developing countries, the birth rate surpassed it leading to an increase in population growth. For the last five decades, the total w orld population increased more than ever before and more rapidly than it was estimated to grow in future. In the year 1960, the world population stood at 2.5 billion and in the early 21st century, the population rose to about 6.5 billion. During the period between the year 2000 and 2005, the average population growth rate stood at 1.2 percent which caused an increase in world population by 78 million. A large proportion of world’s total population growth came from countries in Africa, South Asia, and Latin America. A smaller proportion of world’s total population growth came from countries in Europe including Russia, Estonia, Hungary, and Ukraine. Low population growth rates were also recorded in more developed countries of North America including Japan. Conclusion Although the increase in population growth rate hampered economic growth in some countries, research showed it also resulted in increase in productivity which in turn led to enhanced economic growth. The imp rovement in economic conditions significantly enhanced peoples’ living standards and consequently lead to a sharp decline in death rates. However, maintenance of a sustainable population size is of critical importance so as to ensure a balanced mix of benefits resulting from a huge population size and the side effects associated with the same. The rural to urban migration was also very rampant during the period 1960’s and 1970’s. Many people moved away from their homes to seek for employment in urban areas. Industries were concentrated in urban areas and therefore job opportunities were more in those areas. References Kiyawa, I. A. (2000). Africa, population control, and the world economic system. Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University Press. Loh, M. (1976). The causes of population growth and its socio-economic implications : with some reference to Singapore. Singapore: Singapore Family Planning Population Board, National Family Planning Centre. Mishkin, F. S ., Giavazzi, F., Srinivasan, T. N., International Monetary Fund. (2000). External evaluation of IMF economic research activities : report. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund. Mishkin, F. S., National Bureau of Economic Research. (2008). Globalization, macroeconomic performance, and monetary policy NBER working paper series working paper 13948. Retrieved from https://www.nber.org/papers/w13948 Wan, H. Y., Shimomura, K. j. (2007). Globalization and economic development in East Asia : lecture notes of Professor Henry Y Wan Jr. Kobe, Japan: Research Institute for Economics and Business Administration, Kobe University. This assessment on Macroeconomic policy about population growth was written and submitted by user Madeline Robbins to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.